Legal Action Over Passive Smoking
“As a rule of thumb, if you can smell the smoke, it’s doing you harm.”
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Q&A: Passive smoke,fear of lung cancer death?
Question by parkfieldnr16: Passive smoke,fear of lung cancer death?
My mom smoked when she was pregnant with me,and she smoked around me as a baby/growing up. I now have a wheeze when i breathe and have times where i fight for my breathe. I also get tired quickly and cant exercise too hard. I now have a huge fear of lung cancer as i know i’m at a high risk. I sometimes get an aching pain at the bottom of my left lung. Thankfully my mom has quit but i know the damage is now done,something inside me keeps telling me i will die from this horrible disease,i live in fear of it all the time and i get super angry when people smoke around me,what should i do?
Best answer:
Answer by da_kouch
You just might have asthma, get checked by a doctor
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Have you ever seen a “never smoker”(neither active nor passive) who got Lung cancer?which type and what age?
Question by Q_fUnK: Have you ever seen a “never smoker”(neither active nor passive) who got Lung cancer?which type and what age?
Best answer:
Answer by Ahhhhhhhhh screw it
Yes,, I worked wit ha lady who got lung cancer and died at 45.
In my opinion, cancer is caused by a virus, not smoking. I don’t smoke, it is disgusting and does cause emphysema.
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Categories: News Tags: never, passive, cancerwhich, active, ever, seen, lung, type, smokerneither
Histopathology Liver –Chronic passive congestion with hemor
Histopathology Liver –Chronic passive congestion with hemorrhagic centrilobular necrosis
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Categories: Videos Tags: hemor, chronic, histopathology, congestion, liver, passive
Passive Smoking: Smoking and Side Effects of Passive Smoking Â
Passive Smoking: Smoking and Side Effects of Passive Smoking Â
Article by Julie Kerr
There are many folks who like the company of a smoker, but they do not smoke themselves. I have a bad habit of getting along with the smokers, and I forget the fact that the smoke that is exhaled from my friends affects my health. There is a huge impact on the person who stays with the smokers, as the smoke exhaled from a smoker would carry his diseases, and once exhaled it would be inhaled by the non smoker. Normally, the passive smoking occurs when the smokers exhale the smoke and it gets mixed up with the environment, which is then inhaled by people within the environment. The risks in secondhand smoking are higher as they contain other chemical substances. The secondhand smoking happens at the areas with people are crowded such as restaurants, bars and night clubs, as well as some open public spaces.The diseases caused due to secondhand smoking are mentioned below.1. Respiratory infections (like bronchitis and pneumonia)2. Asthma (secondhand smoke is a risk factor for the development of asthma and can trigger attacks in those who already have it)3. Coughing, sore throats, sniffling, and sneezing4. Cancer5. Heart diseaseSome of the diseases include Lung cancer, breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and other diseases. Epidemiological studies have shown that both active and passive smoking increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Along with the above diseases there are some other diseases such as one’s circulatory system get effected which causes reduced heart rate variability, higher heart rate. Unknowingly, a normal person could turn up being a passive-smoker, which could lead the smoker to deadly diseases. Cancer is the disease which has higher level of danger and the user who smokes out would carry the cancer germs that would be spread into the environment, causing huge damage to the environment. There could be many ways that a person could be said as passive smoker. A smoker can have a normal effect of smoking, but the secondhand-smoker would be effected double the rate the normal smoker gets effected.Passive smoking occurs when the smokers exhale the smoke and it gets mixed up with the environment, which is then inhaled by people within the environment. The risks in secondhand smoking are higher as they contain other chemical substances. The secondhand smoking happens at the areas with people are crowded such as restaurants, bars and night clubs, as well as some open public spaces.
About the Author
Julie Kerr is a content writer for Angry Birds Online and Crazy Taxi. Specialized in advising of computer configuration and suggesting of high end computers.
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Passive Smoking Doesn’t Cause Cancer?
Question by mission_viejo_california: Passive Smoking Doesn’t Cause Cancer?
UK Sunday Telegraph…
Passive Smoking Doesn’t Cause Cancer – Official
Headline: Passive Smoking Doesn’t Cause Cancer – Official
Byline: Victoria MacDonald, Health Correspondent
Dateline: March 8, 1998
The world’s leading health organisation has withheld from publication a study which shows that not only might there be no link between passive smoking and lung cancer but that it could even have a protective effect. The astounding results are set to throw wide open the debate on passive smoking health risks.
The World Health Organisation, which commissioned the 12-centre, seven-country European study has failed to make the findings public, and has instead produced only a summary of the results in an internal report. Despite repeated approaches, nobody at the WHO headquarters in Geneva would comment on the findings last week.
The findings are certain to be an embarrassment to the WHO, which has spent years and vast sums on anti-smoking and anti-tobacco campaigns. The study is one of the largest ever to look at the link between passive smoking – inhaling other people’s smoke – and lung cancer, and had been eagerly awaited by medical experts and campaigning groups. Yet the scientists have found that there was no statistical evidence that passive smoking caused lung cancer.
The research compared 650 lung cancer patients with 1,542 healthy people. It looked at people who were married to smokers, worked with smokers, both worked and were married to smokers, and those who grew up with smokers. The results are consistent with there being no additional risk for a person living or working with a smoker and could be consistent with passive smoke having a protective effect against lung cancer.
The summary, seen by The Sunday Telegraph, also states: “There was no association between lung cancer risk and ETS exposure during childhood.” A spokesman for Action on Smoking and Health said the findings “seem rather surprising given the evidence from other major reviews on the subject which have shown a clear association between passive smoking and a number of diseases.”
Dr Chris Proctor, head of science for BAT Industries, the tobacco group, said the findings had to be taken seriously. “If this study cannot find any statistically valid risk you have to ask if there can be any risk at all. “It confirms what we and many other scientists have long believed, that while smoking in public may be annoying to some non-smokers, the science does not show that being around a smoker is a lung-cancer risk.”
Best answer:
Answer by Daniel L
When have facts ever stopped people from cramming their idealogy down our throats? I smoke, and I avoid crowded areas to give people that don’t smoke enough range as to not be around me. I know a lot of people hate the smell of cigarettes. I’m cool with that. And many public places, no problem if I can’t smoke. I am in the minority now so I go with the flow of the majority.
However, do gooders have passed laws where I live we can’t even smoke in bars anymore. I’m not talking restaurants, I mean straight up bars. At what point do the rights of people that own building supercede the rights of people who can choose to or to not frequent the establishment? Absolutely insane.
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if passive smoking causes lung cancer how many pets have died from passive smoking?
Question by azimuth: if passive smoking causes lung cancer how many pets have died from passive smoking?
All over the world studies the effects of passive smoking on the human population. It has been proven in these studies. What about our pets. I have yet to see a study into the effects of passive smoking on pets. So is it that all these so called studies are right or is it that to many health officals gave up smoking and now preaches to us.. I for once would like to see a study on pets.. Does anybody know of a study like this
Best answer:
Answer by udaigrover160
never
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Guys! Passive Smoking Is A Direct Threat To Your Health And Well-Being! Â
Guys! Passive Smoking Is A Direct Threat To Your Health And Well-Being! Â
Article by Sandy Tonsing
If you all are unaware of the harmful consequences of passive or involuntary smoking, then let me inform you that once you become a victim of passive smoking, you are likely to suffer from a range of adverse health effects. The effects of passive smoking or secondhand smoking that last for a short period of time are namely, tiredness, nausea, headache, coughing, specific symptoms such as watery eyes, sneezing, runny nose et al. Well guys, after falling prey to involuntary smoking, you are also likely to suffer from a couple of long term effects of smoking, namely, heat diseases, lung cancer, risk of asthma and lung infection.
After elaborating on a couple of harmful effects induced by passive smoking till now, let me ask you this question. Are you guys aware of the exact definition of passive smoking? Some of you must be aware of the precise meaning or description of passive or indirect smoking, but those who have not heard about this term are likely to be enthusiastic to know more about it. So, for your convenience, let me offer you a simple definition on passive smoking. Passive smoking or indirect smoking refers to the smoke present in the air which is puffed out by a smoker or it may also mean the smoke released from a smoker’s lungs. Thus the meaning of passive smoking is evident to you and to escape from the harmful consequences induced by passive smoking, it is essential for you to avoid a place frequented by smokers.
But if you are a chain smoker and finding it difficult to get rid of nicotine addiction, then you should approach the physician at the earliest and opt for a suitable anti-smoking medication. After undertaking a thorough physical examination, if the doctor prescribes the quit smoking medicine chantix for you, you should take it in accordance with his instructions. Mark that chantix is known as one of the most effective quit smoking ways and you need to administer it in accordance with the instructions of the doctor if you are eager to get rid of smoking addiction. Chantix helps you stop smoking with ease and with chantix; you are not at risk of falling prey to nicotine withdrawal symptoms. You can buy chantix from a pharmacy located at the nearby marketplace but if you buy chantix online you are likely to avail the medicine at reduced rates.
Statistics available on woman and smoking reveal that addiction to smoking can make women infertile and is capable of inducing a range of other harmful effects. So, it is essential to facilitate smoking cessation as soon as possible and the first step to quit smoking is to consult a physician.
About the Author
The author is a health expert and writes articles on various issues related to the causes as well as consequences of smoking and also on the quit smoking medicinechantix. For more information, details and advice on smoking related matters, visit the website chantixhome.com
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Passive smoking, does it affect me? Please answer?
Question by Nathalie Carlsson: Passive smoking, does it affect me? Please answer?
So i’m 16 years old and all my friends in school are smoking except from me, and i stand with them when they are smoking for like 5 minutes 2 times a day, 5 days a week. And this may sound stupid but i’m a bit worried that their smoking will affect me. Can i get lungcancer from this, i need a serious answer. Thanks!
yes they are smoking outside 
Best answer:
Answer by Firstname Lastname
unless you are sitting in a room with them with no ventilation and a lot of smoke im sure you will be fine. Just dont start smoking cigarettes! 
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Passive Smoke and The True Hazard Â
Passive Smoke and The True Hazard Â
Article by Jinky Baley
In instance you donÂ’t treatment about the planet to know that your practice is generating a killing in the box workplace basically then you may perhaps want to wake up that using tobacco and passive smoking is a wonderful killer amongst males. What additional for a person who doesnÂ’t smoke when cigarettes are all more than the destination most especially in a normal perform region. Consider of the 46,000 deaths in the United States prompted by passive smoking in an individual yr and that is on 1 region by yourself. For non-smokers they are unknowingly setting themselves for maladies to occur in the potential.In circumstance you didnÂ’t know about the details of passive smoke you may want to researching about the genuine results of this as it might possibly be a daily life saver for you and your family. Second hand smoke as it is much more generally recognised is composed of mainstream and sidestream smoke this tends to make up for all the passive smoke you inhale from diverse smokers. The personÂ’s action of exhaling cigarette smoke is referred to as mainstream smoke when sidestream smoke is the smoke you get from the burning suggestion of a cigarette. Both are risky and incorporate the exact chemical composition.four,000 chemical compounds are present in the two sidestream and mainstream smoke in which carcinogen carries the primary piece of the pie at eighty %. Many thanks to U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyÂ’s review of identifying passive smoke as a course A carcinogen the hazards are now subjected and evidently delivered. Course A carcinogen is the most lethal indoor pollutant there is. Whilst 2nd hand smoke can be contracted at the do the job site household is the place you get the bulk of second hand smoke as you devote most of the time residing in one roof if your enjoy 1 is a smoker.Imagine of the household as a working car or truck and you are living close to the exhaust program, think of inhaling carbon monoxide every day and the adverse results on your health and wellbeing. When you are uncovered to passive smoke reactions is basically speedy these as nausea, dizziness, cough, headache, sore throat and eye irritation. Prolonged term exposure is a second completely different story but all the even more dangerous as it can lead to the chance of obtaining bronchitis, asthma and other respiratory sickness. The clincher can be lung cancer and emphysema or COPD in the process. The listing goes on and how about new born infants currently being subjected to 2nd hand smoke at home. The risks are also much to ignore and all of that will be offered to your like ones to maintain and to have in their lifetime. Not only will you be gone by the time passive smoke gets the much better of you but your like ones as effectively. If you are a smoker itÂ’s time to quit and presume of your fancy ones who are innocent in this certain situation. Your kids who in no time will also practical knowledge what your going through as a smoker is also a great deal to get if you paint it in photo.
About the Author
href=”http://era3.co.uk/”> quit smoking drugs scours the world to source products that are just that little bit different. Products with a cool design or a fantastic colour scheme. Products that are fresh and vibrant. Products that make you want to jump for joy or want to make you grab that thing through the screen and start at it right away!Visit http://era3.co.uk/””>quit smoking pack now!!!
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Passive Hydroponic Systems Are Very Popular For Home Growers Â
Passive Hydroponic Systems Are Very Popular For Home Growers Â
Article by Gregg Leach
Ebb & Circulation hydroponic systemsThe Ebb and Flow (or Ton and Drain) product is a “media-based” hydroponics system. This means that the growing holder is filled with a moisture-retaining developing medium for example vermiculite, grow rubble or coconut fibre.A tank of nutrient-enriched water frequently floods the actual growing holder using the nutrient solution. he or she developing materials helps the actual plants soak up the nutrients. Because the nutritional answer drains back into the reservoir, it pulls growth-promoting oxygen — also important within hydroponics – round the roots of the plants.An advantage of the hydroponics system is it’s easy and suited to developing a wide variety of plants, which makes it the most popular choice for home made hydroponics methods. The actual ebb and flow product is also well suited for blossom as well as decorative grow enthusiasts. You can place potted plants within the holder instead of mass-planting, and remove as well as show your vegetation whenever you such as.The disadvantage of this system is it depends on electrical power. In the event that cost or even power outages really are a problem, it is probably not the best hydroponics system for you.Wick hydroponic systemsA second choice of hydroponic developing systems may be the pull away program. It is also media-based but, unlike the “active” adapt program, the actual wick system is “passive” – this uses no energy.Basically, one end of a pull away is placed within nutrient-rich answer while the additional is baked into the developing medium close to the roots. The actual wick functions much like the hay — the answer travels up the pull away towards the origins of the plant, when needed.A clear advantage of wick-based hydroponic systems is the simpleness — the simplest option for home made hydroponics methods. Nevertheless, they aren’t suitable for large and therefore really thirsty plants as the pull away can’t keep up with their demands. In addition, it can be difficult to make sure that plants receive a sufficient supply of oxygen, impacting development.Water culture hydroponic systemsAnother option is a “water-culture” (or even host) hydroponic gardening program. Vegetation is hanging on a Styrofoam system which drifts on nutrient-enriched drinking water while the origins hang beneath. An aura pump motor bubbles through the drinking water to produce a good oxygen-rich atmosphere round the plants.The benefit of this hydroponics product is that it’s simple and relatively cheap, as well as highly-effective with regard to developing vegetation such as lettuce that enjoy lots of water. Nevertheless, it’s not suitable for vegetation that don’t such as this level of vividness.Each one of these systems can be constructed at home, simply as well as inexpensively, and tailored to the quantity of room you have available. For max outcomes, decide which of those hydroponic systems best suits the kind and variety of plants you want to develop.Copyright 2007 Jill GreenHydroponics is a technique of accelerating vegetation within water without the need for dirt. The actual vegetation can be given in various techniques using mineral nutrient options. ‘Hydro’ is Greek with regard to drinking water as well as ‘ponos’ is Ancient greek with regard to work. Terrestrial plants could be developed along with whether nutrient nutritional solution or even sometimes in an inert medium for example mineral wool or even gravel.
About the Author
grow lights, hydroponic systems, led grow lights, http://www.accesshydroponic.comHydroponic Gardening – Are LED, Hydroponic Gardening – Are LED, <a href=”http://oliverrasmus411.xang
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Side Effects of Passive Smoking Â
Side Effects of Passive Smoking Â
Article by Mihai Costea
Secondhand smoke is composed of taking in tobacco smoke of others. Only 15% of tobacco smoke is inhaled by the man or woman who smokes, the remaining 85% is you can breathe!
Cigarette smoke includes fine substances and gases, more than 4,000 chemicals, many of them are harmful, at least 60 of them are known and can cause cancer.
Did you know that exposure to second hand smoke:
• Increases the possibility of dying from heart disease by 30%• Improves the danger of lung cancer and causes about 40,000 deaths per year in the U.S. ?
If you have chronic health problems such as bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis or allergy, second hand smoking can increase the syndrome. Doctors say that secondhand smoke can induce critical problem sometimes fatal. Research has shown that hundreds of non-smokers die each year from lung cancer produced by passive smoking. Lung cancer risk is 50-100 times greater than the danger of lung cancer from exposure to vulnerabilities. Passive smoking may also be associated to heart disease and death caused by myocardial infarction.
The negative effects of passive smoking on young people
Babies and kids who can not avoid cigarette smoke where they live and play are uncovered to various dangers. Babies of smokers are more likely to illness by breathing troubles and they go to the hospital in their first year of life than children of non-smokers.
The probability of having a baby with low birth weight increased from second-hand smoking. Women who were continuously revealed to cigarette smoke during pregnancy are more likely to have children with low birth weight.
The presence of tobacco smoke causes serious diseases. Children are most disturbed because their bodies are still in a period of evolution. Exposure to these carcinogens leads to contact of very acute respiratory infection that can mark them for life or influence their regular growth of the lungs.
Benefits of a house without tobacco
Blowing smoke away from children, smoking in another room in your home or opening a window may reduce exposure to harmful toxins.
The biggest advantage is that health problems caused by secondhand smoking will avoid you, of course in conjunction with significant care in choosing areas where you spend your free time.
You’ll waste less time, energy and money to eradicate the results of tobacco smoke on the curtains, walls and furniture in the house.
You’ll spend less money on medicine and sprays to reduce suffering created by cigarette smoke.Even pets will feel much better breathing cleaner air.
How to keep your residence free of cigarettes
Perhaps you will find it complicated to tell people to not smoke in your home. Tell them that for the sake of your family’s health can not afford to smoke in your home.
If someone smokes in your place, you should be full of familiarity and you give them the help they need to give up this drug. Demonstrate that smoking affects not only everyone who smokes and encourage him to quit soon.
About the Author
And finally, if you are interested in smoking side effects, please check out E Smoking Side Effects Help Center at www.eSmokingSideEffects.com .
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Passive fire protection Â
Passive fire protection Â
Article by hi joiney
Structural fire protection br Fire protection in a building offshore facility or a ship is a system that includes br Active fire protection which can include manual or automatic fire detection and fire suppression br Passive fire protection which includes compartmentalisation of the overall building through the use of fire resistance rated walls and floors Organization into smaller fire compartments consisting of one or more rooms or floors prevents or slows the spread of fire from the room of fire origin to other building spaces limiting building damage and providing more time to the building occupants for emergency evacuation or to reach an area of refuge br Fire prevention includes minimizing ignition sources as well as educating the occupants and operators of the facility ship or structure concerning operation and maintenance of fire related systems for correct function and emergency procedures including notification for fire service response and emergency evacuation br Main characteristics br The aim for passive fire protection systems is typically demonstrated in fire testing the ability to maintain the item or the side to be protected at or below either 140 C for walls floors and electrical circuits required to have a fire resistance rating or ca 550 C which is considered the critical temperature for structural steel above which it is in jeopardy of losing its strength leading to collapse This is based in most countries on the basic test standards for walls and floors such as ASTM E119 Smaller components such as fire dampers fire doors etc follow suit in the main intentions of the basic standard for walls and floors Fire testing involves live fire exposures upwards of 1100 C depending on the fire resistance rating and duration one is after More items than just fire exposures are typically required to be tested to ensure the survivability of the system under realistic conditions br To accomplish these aims many different types of materials are employed in the design and construction of systems For instance common endothermic building materials include concrete and gypsum wallboard During fire testing of concrete floor slabs water can be seen to boil out of a slab Gypsum wall board typically loses all its strength during a fire The use of endothermic materials is established and proven to be sound engineering practice The chemically bound water inside these materials sublimes During this process the unexposed side cannot exceed the boiling point of water Once the hydrates are spent the temperature on the unexposed side of an endothermic fire barrier tends to rise rapidly Too much water can be a problem however Concrete slabs that are too wet will literally explode in a fire which is why test laboratories insist on measuring water content of concrete and mortar in fire test specimens before running any fire tests PFP measures can also include intumescents and ablative materials The point is however that whatever the nature of the materials they on their own bear no rating They must be organised into systems which bear a rating when installed in accordance with certification listings or established catalogues such as DIN 4102 Part 4 or the Canadian National Building Code br Passive Fire Protection measures are intended to contain a fire in the fire compartment of origin thus limiting the spread of fire and smoke for a limited period of time as determined the local building code and fire code Passive fire protection measures such as firestops fire walls and fire doors are tested to determine the fire resistance rating of the final assembly usually expressed in terms of hours of fire resistance e g 1 3 3 4 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 hour A certification listing provides the limitations of the rating br Contrary to active fire protection measures passive fire protection means do not typically require electric or electronic activation or a degree of motion Exceptions to that particular rule of thumb are fire dampers fire resistive closures within air ducts excluding grease ducts and fire door closers which must move open and shut in order to work as well as all intumescent products which swell thus move in order to function br Passive fire protection PFP as the name suggest remains silent in your coating system till the eventuality of a fire There are mainly two types of PFP Intumescent fire protection and vermiculite fire protection In vermiculite fire protection the structural steel members are covered with vermiculite materials mostly a very thick layer this is a cheaper options as compared to an intumescent one but is very crude and aesthetically unpleasant Moreover if the environment is corrosive in nature then vermiculite option is not an advisable option as there are possibility of water seeping into because of the porous nature of vermiculite and there is little scope to monitor the corrosion aspects Intumescent fire proofing is a layer of paint which is applied along with the coating system on the structural steel members The thickness of this intumescent coating is dependent on the steel section used For calculation of DFT dry film thickness a factor called Hp A heated perimeter divided by cross sectional area is used Intumescent coatings are applied as an intermediate coat in a coating system primer intermediate and top finish coat Because of the relatively low thickness of this intumescent coating 350 700 micrometers nice finish and anti corrosive nature intumescent coatings are preferred aesthetically and performance wise it should be noted that in the eventuality of a fire the steel structure will eventually collapse once the steel attains the critical core temperature around 450 degrees Celsius or 850 degrees Fahrenheit The PFP system will only delay this by creating a layer of char in between the steel and fire Depending upon the requirement PFP systems can provide fire ratings of up to 120 minutes and even more PFP systems are highly recommended in infrastructure projects as they can save precious human lives and assets br PFP in a building can be described as a group of systems within systems An installed firestop for instance is a system that is based upon a product certification listing It forms part of a fire resistance rated wall or floor and this wall or floor forms part of a fire compartment which forms an integral part of the overall fire safety plan of the building which as a whole can also be seen as a system br Examples br This I beam has a fireproofing material sprayed onto it as a form of passive fire protection br fire resistance rated walls br Firewalls not only have a rating they are also designed to sub divide buildings such that if collapse occurs on one side this will not affect the other side They can also be used to eliminate the need for sprinklers as a trade off br Fire resistance glass glass using multi layer intumescent interlayer technology to meet ASTM E119 test standards The glass is optically clear and can be used in 60 minute and 120 minute fire resistance rated assemblies The International Building Codes IBC allows this glass to be installed as a fire rated wall br fire resistance rated floors br occupancy separations barriers designated as occupancy separations are intended to segregate parts of buildings where different uses are on each side For instance apartments on one side and stores on the other side of the occupancy separation br closures fire dampers Sometimes firestops are treated in building codes identically to closures Canada de rates closures where for instance a 2 hour closure is acceptable for use in a 3 hour fire separation so long as the fire separation is not an occupancy separation or firewall The lowered rating is then referred to as a fire protection rating both for firestops unless they contain plastic pipes and regular closures br firestops br grease ducts These refer to ducts that lead from commercial cooking equipment such as ranges deep fryers and double decker and conveyor equipped pizza ovens to grease duct fans In North America grease ducts are made of minimum 16 gauge 1 6 mm sheet metal all welded and certified openings for cleaning whereby the ducting is either inherently manufactured to have a specific fire resistance rating OR it is ordinary 16 gauge ductwork with an exterior layer of purpose made and certified fireproofing Either way North American grease ducts must comply with NFPA96 requirements br cable coating application of fire retardants which are either endothermic or intumescent to reduce flamespread and smoke development of combustible cable jacketing br spray fireproofing application of intumescent or endothermic paints or fibrous or cementitious plasters to keep substrates such as structural steel electrical or mechanical services valves liquefied petroleum gas LPG vessels vessel skirts bulkheads or decks below either 140 C for electrical items or ca 500 C for structural steel elements to maintain operability of the item to be protected br fireproofing cladding boards used for the same purpose and in the same applications as spray fireproofing Materials for such cladding include perlite vermiculite calcium silicate gypsum intumescent epoxy DuraSteel cellulose fibre reinforced concrete and punched sheet metal bonded composite panels MicroTherm br enclosures boxes or wraps made of fireproofing materials including fire resistive wraps and tapes to protect speciality valves and other items deemed to require protection against fire and heatn analogy for this would be a safe or the provision of circuit integrity measures to keep electrical cables operational during an accidental fire br Regulations br The most important goal of PFP is identical to that of all fire protection life safety This is mainly accomplished by maintaining structural integrity for a time during the fire and limiting the spread of fire and the effects thereof e g heat and smoke Property protection and continuity of operations are usually secondary objectives in codes Exceptions include nuclear facilities and marine applications as evacuation may be more complex or impossible Nuclear facilities both buildings and ships must also ensure the nuclear reactor does not experience a nuclear meltdown In this case fixing the reactor may be more important than evacuation for key safety personnel br Examples of testing that underlies certification listing br Netherlands NEN 6068 br Germany DIN 4102 br United Kingdom BS 476 br Canada ULC S101 br United States ASTM E119 br Each of these test procedures have very similar fire endurance regimes and heat transfer limitations Differences include the hose stream tests which are unique to Canada and the United States whereas Germany includes a very rigorous impact test during the fire for firewalls Germany is unique in including heat induced expansion and collapse of ferrous cable trays into account for firestops resulting in the favouring of firestop mortars which tend to hold the penetrating cable tray in place whereas softseals typically made of rockwool and elastomeric toppings have been demonstrated in testing by Otto Graf_institut to be torn open and rendered inoperable when the cable tray expands pushes in and then collapses Spin offs from these basic tests cover closures firestops and more Furnace operations thermocoupling and reporting requirements remain uniform within each country br In exterior applications for the offshore and the petroleum sectors the fire endurance testing uses a higher temperature and faster heat rise whereas in interior applications such as office buildings factories and residential the fire endurance is based upon experiences gained from burning wood The interior fire time temperature curve is referred to as ETK Einheitstemperaturkurve standard time temperature curve or the building elements curve whereas the high temperature variety is called the hydrocarbon curve as it is based on burning oil and gas products which burn hotter and faster The most severe and most rarely used of all fire exposure tests is the British jetfire test which has been used to some extent in the UK and Norway but is not typically found in common regulations br Typically during the construction of buildings fire protective systems must conform to the requirements of building code that was in effect on the day that the building permit was applied for Enforcement for compliance with building codes is typically the responsibility of municipal building departments Once construction is complete the building must maintain its design basis by remaining in compliance with the current fire code which is enforced by the fire prevention officers of the municipal fire department An up to date fire protection plan containing a complete inventory and maintenance details of all fire protection components including firestops fireproofing fire sprinklers fire detectors fire alarm systems fire extinguishers etc are typical requirements for demonstration of compliance with applicable laws and regulations In order to know whether or not one s building is in compliance with fire safety regulations it is helpful to know what systems one has in place and what their installation and maintenance are based upon br Changes to fire protection systems or items affecting the structural or fire integrity or use occupancy of a building is subject to regulatory scrutiny A contemplated change to a facility requires a building permit or if the change is very minor a review by the local fire prevention officer Such reviews by the Authority Having Jurisdiction AHJ also help to prevent potential problems that may not be apparent to a building owner or contractors Large and very common deficiencies in existing buildings include the disabling of fire door closers through propping the doors open and running rugs through them and perforating fire resistance rated walls and floors without proper firestopping Example pictures of code violations can be seen here br Common accredited produc
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I am an expert from China Manufacturers, usually analyzes all kind of industries situation, such as nike running shirts , puma track suit.
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Categories: Articles Tags: fire, passive, protection Â
